Learn more about Anselm

Introduction to Anselm

Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) was a Benedictine monk, theologian, and philosopher who became the Archbishop of Canterbury. Known as the “Father of Scholasticism,” Anselm is celebrated for his intellectual contributions to Christian theology, particularly his ontological argument for the existence of God and his exploration of the doctrine of atonement. Canonized as a saint, Anselm’s writings and teachings have had a lasting impact on Western Christianity and philosophy.

Anselm Pronunciation

“Anselm” is pronounced as AN-selm, with emphasis on the first syllable.

Anselm’s Life and Ministry

Early Life and Monastic Career

Anselm was born in Aosta, Italy, to a noble family. He entered the Benedictine monastery at Bec in Normandy, where he studied under Lanfranc, who later became Archbishop of Canterbury. Anselm’s intellectual brilliance and piety led to his appointment as prior and eventually abbot of Bec, where he gained a reputation as a theologian and spiritual leader.

Archbishop of Canterbury

In 1093, Anselm was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, succeeding Lanfranc. His tenure was marked by conflicts with English monarchs William II and Henry I over issues of church reform and the investiture controversy, which revolved around the appointment of church officials by secular authorities. Despite periods of exile, Anselm maintained his commitment to the autonomy of the Church and its spiritual mission.

Writings and Theological Contributions

Anselm’s theological and philosophical works reflect his deep faith and intellectual rigor. Key writings include:

• Monologion and Proslogion: These works present Anselm’s ontological argument for the existence of God, famously summarized as “that than which nothing greater can be conceived.”
• Cur Deus Homo (Why God Became Man): In this treatise, Anselm articulates the satisfaction theory of atonement, explaining Christ’s death as a necessary act to satisfy divine justice and redeem humanity.
• Letters and Meditations: Anselm’s correspondence and devotional writings reveal his pastoral heart and spiritual insights.

Anselm in Historical and Religious Context

Anselm lived during a period of significant intellectual and ecclesiastical development in medieval Europe. His integration of faith and reason laid the groundwork for the Scholastic tradition, influencing figures like Thomas Aquinas. His leadership as Archbishop of Canterbury strengthened the Church’s independence and moral authority in a politically tumultuous era.

Primary Related Writings and Events

• Monologion and Proslogion: Philosophical works exploring the nature and existence of God.
• Cur Deus Homo: A theological treatise on the doctrine of atonement.
• Investiture Controversy: Anselm’s conflict with English kings over church authority.

Theological Significance of Anselm

Anselm’s integration of reason and faith exemplifies the harmony between intellectual inquiry and spiritual truth. His ontological argument remains a cornerstone of philosophical theology, while his satisfaction theory of atonement has profoundly shaped Christian understanding of salvation. His life and work underscore the enduring relevance of theology in addressing both eternal and temporal concerns.

Related Terms and Meanings

- Scholasticism: A medieval intellectual tradition combining reason and faith, pioneered by Anselm. - Atonement: The doctrine of reconciliation between humanity and God, central to Anselm’s work. - Investiture Controversy: A conflict over the appointment of church officials that defined Anselm’s tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury.

Trivia and Interesting Facts about Anselm

- Anselm’s ontological argument continues to spark debate among philosophers, with both supporters and critics engaging with his ideas over the centuries. - He was canonized as a saint in 1494 and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1720. - Anselm’s motto, “Faith seeking understanding,” encapsulates his approach to theology and philosophy. - Despite his conflicts with English kings, Anselm is remembered for his humility and steadfast dedication to the Church’s mission. - His feast day is celebrated on April 21.