Learn more about Nahum

Introduction to Nahum

Nahum is one of the lesser-known but powerful prophets in the Old Testament. His name means “comfort” or “consolation,” which is somewhat ironic given that his short prophetic book delivers a message of doom and destruction for the city of Nineveh. Nahum’s prophecy is a follow-up to the story of Jonah; whereas Jonah saw Nineveh repent and receive mercy, Nahum declares the final judgment against it. His writing is passionate, poetic, and filled with vivid imagery, emphasizing God’s justice and power.

Nahum Pronunciation

“Nahum” is pronounced as NAY-hum, with the emphasis on the first syllable. In Hebrew, it is נַחוּם (Naḥûm), derived from the root word נ-ח-ם (n-ḥ-m), which carries meanings of comfort or consolation.

Nahum in the Bible

Nahum is both the name of a biblical prophet and the title of the seventh book among the Twelve Minor Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament. The Book of Nahum comprises three chapters and is almost entirely focused on the impending fall of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire:

• Nahum 1: Introduces the character of God—slow to anger but great in power—and His promise to bring judgment against the wicked. It sets the theological tone, highlighting God's justice and wrath.
• Nahum 2: Offers a vivid description of the siege and destruction of Nineveh, portraying it almost like a poetic battle report. The imagery includes chariots, shields, blood, and chaos, showing the might of God's judgment.
• Nahum 3: Continues the theme with direct accusations against Nineveh, calling it a “city of blood” full of lies, plunder, and violence. The chapter ends with an indictment: “Nothing can heal you; your wound is fatal.”

The Assyrians had been notorious for their cruelty, especially toward Israel and Judah. Nahum’s prophecy would have been a message of hope and comfort to the Israelites, affirming that their oppressors would be brought low.

Related Themes and Meanings to Nahum

• Divine Justice: Nahum emphasizes that no empire, no matter how mighty, can stand against the judgment of God.
• God’s Sovereignty: The book illustrates God’s control over nations and history.
• Reversal of Jonah’s Message: While Jonah had preached repentance to Nineveh about a century earlier, Nahum declares their end, suggesting their repentance did not last.
• Comfort through Judgment: Though a harsh message, Nahum’s words would have comforted those who suffered under Assyria’s domination.

Trivia and Interesting Facts about Nahum

• Nahum is one of the few prophetic books that is directed entirely to a foreign nation rather than Israel or Judah.
• The prophecy against Nineveh was fulfilled historically in 612 B.C. when the city was destroyed by the Medes and Babylonians—a powerful validation of Nahum’s words.
• Nahum’s hometown is Elkosh (Nahum 1:1), though its exact location is uncertain. Some traditions place it in Galilee, others near modern-day Iraq.
• The Book of Nahum is written in a poetic style that uses vivid metaphors, personification, and powerful imagery, making it one of the most literary books among the Minor Prophets.
• Though Nahum speaks of destruction, his name remains a reminder that God’s judgment is also an act of comfort to those who suffer injustice.

Nahum’s Message for Today

Though ancient, the book of Nahum speaks to modern readers about the justice of God and the eventual downfall of all oppressive systems. It reminds believers that God sees injustice and will act in His time. While short, Nahum’s prophecy packs a theological punch and underscores the biblical theme that God is both just and merciful.